Peoples' Tribunal of Nature v. IMF and World Bank: Ecuador Hearing<\/title>\n \n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n <style>\n \/* Custom styles based on user requirements *\/\n :root {\n --color-primary: #1B1937; \/* Azul Oscuro *\/\n --color-accent: #306086; \/* Azul Medio *\/\n --color-white: #FFFFFF;\n }\n body {\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n background-color: var(--color-white);\n \/* Base paragraph size set to 15px *\/\n font-size: 15px; \n color: var(--color-primary);\n text-align: center; \n }\n .text-15px {\n font-size: 15px;\n }\n .bg-primary { background-color: var(--color-primary); }\n .text-primary { color: var(--color-primary); }\n .text-accent { color: var(--color-accent); }\n .border-accent { border-color: var(--color-accent); }\n .hover\\:bg-accent:hover { background-color: var(--color-accent); }\n\n \/* Scroll margin for smooth internal links and sticky header allowance *\/\n section, h3 {\n scroll-margin-top: 80px; \n }\n \/* Custom stickiness for the sidebar on medium screens and up *\/\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n #sticky-toc {\n position: sticky;\n top: 0;\n height: 100vh;\n overflow-y: auto;\n }\n }\n \/* Responsive images for the content *\/\n .content-image {\n width: 100%;\n height: auto;\n max-height: 400px;\n object-fit: cover;\n border-radius: 0.375rem; \n margin: 2rem 0;\n box-shadow: 0 5px 10px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n }\n \/* Garantizar que el texto en fondos oscuros siempre sea claro *\/\n .bg-primary .text-white, .bg-accent .text-white {\n color: var(--color-white) !important;\n }\n \/* Estilo para las tarjetas de contenido con sombra fuerte *\/\n .content-card {\n box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(27, 25, 55, 0.1); \/* Sombra basada en color primario *\/\n }\n <\/style>\n \n <script>\n tailwind.config = {\n theme: {\n extend: {\n colors: {\n 'primary': '#1B1937',\n 'accent': '#306086',\n }\n }\n }\n }\n <\/script>\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"selection:bg-accent selection:text-white\">\n\n \n <header class=\"bg-primary py-12 px-4 shadow-xl\">\n <div class=\"max-w-5xl mx-auto\">\n \n <h1 class=\"text-4xl sm:text-5xl font-extrabold mb-4 leading-tight !text-white\">\n Tribunal of Peoples and Nature against IMF and World Bank\n <\/h1>\n <h2 class=\"text-xl sm:text-2xl font-light text-white\/90 mb-6\">\n Ecuador Hearing: The Demand for Truth, Justice and Comprehensive Reparation\n <\/h2>\n <p class=\"text-15px text-white\/90 max-w-2xl mx-auto\">\n The process, which gathers testimonies, evidence, and proposals, seeks to answer: who should be held accountable for the policies that have caused debt, dispossession, and ecological damage in Ecuador? It aims to hold multilateral institutions accountable and build collective reparations pathways.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/header>\n\n \n <main class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto\">\n <div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row\">\n \n \n <aside id=\"sticky-toc\" class=\"md:w-1\/4 p-6 md:p-8 bg-gray-50\/50 md:bg-gray-100 text-left border-b md:border-b-0 md:border-r border-accent\/30\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold mb-4 text-primary border-b pb-2 border-accent\/30 text-center uppercase tracking-wider\">Topics<\/h3>\n <nav class=\"space-y-3 text-15px font-medium\">\n <a href=\"#resumen\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Summary<\/a>\n <a href=\"#contexto\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Historical Context<\/a>\n <a href=\"#impactos-macro\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Macroeconomic Impacts<\/a>\n <a href=\"#impactos-sociales\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Social Impacts<\/a>\n <a href=\"#casos\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Cases and Ecological Damage<\/a>\n <a href=\"#auditoria\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Audit and Illegitimate Debt<\/a>\n <a href=\"#demandas\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Demands and Resistance<\/a>\n <a href=\"#faqs\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 FAQs<\/a>\n <\/nav>\n <\/aside>\n\n \n <div class=\"md:w-3\/4 text-primary\">\n \n \n <div class=\"px-4 sm:px-8 pt-12\">\n <div class=\"mb-12 rounded-md overflow-hidden shadow-xl\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full h-80 sm:h-96 object-cover\"\n src=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial-en-sesion.png\"\n alt=\"Tribunal of the Peoples and Nature against the IMF and the World Bank in session\"\n onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\/\/placehold.co\/1000x400\/1B1937\/ffffff?text=TRIBUNAL+POPULAR:+VERDAD+Y+JUSTICIA'\"\n >\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"resumen\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Summary<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The hearing recorded testimonies from economists, jurists, indigenous leaders and activists who documented how the policies promoted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) \u2014and their regional allies\u2014 have intervened in Ecuador's economic and social policy from the mid-20th century to the present.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-bold text-lg text-accent mt-6\">The Court's preliminary findings maintain that the interventions have resulted in:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-2 font-medium\">\n <li>Constitutional and legal reforms with <span class=\"font-semibold\">regressive effect<\/span> on social and labor rights.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Fiscal austerity<\/span> which drastically reduced public investment, employment, and the state's capacity to respond in health and education.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Privatizations<\/span> (or transfer of management), opening to capital and measures that favored economic conglomerates and transnational actors.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Environmental impacts<\/span> severe consequences of extractive concessions, weakening of regulation, and financing of polluting industries.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Institutional impunity<\/span> and denial of real mechanisms for auditing and providing reparations to victims.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"italic pt-4 font-semibold text-accent\">The court proposes concrete actions such as audits, declarations of illegitimacy of debts, and lawsuits for reparations to social and ecological victims.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"contexto\" class=\"py-12 bg-primary text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-primary\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Historical Context<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px text-white\/90\">\n <p>Since their creation in 1944, the IMF and the World Bank have designed rules that condition the policies of countries in the Global South. The hearing argues that, beyond loans, there is a joint strategy of cross-conditionality and <span class=\"font-bold\">\u00ab"shadow conditionality"\u00bb<\/span> which modifies laws and institutional frameworks without broad democratic processes. The historical pattern repeats itself: external debt used to condition reforms that favor subordinate integration into the global market.<\/p>\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Conditionality and Institutional Architecture<\/h4>\n <p>A central idea presented is the existence of converging conditionalities among the IMF, the World Bank, and regional banks (IDB, CAF). These operate as a set of instruments that promote:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-decimal pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Fiscal consolidation:<\/span> Reduction of public spending and increase in indirect taxes.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Structural reforms:<\/span> Privatizations, central bank independence, and regulatory changes that reshape the state.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"mt-4\">Between 2019 and 2024, Ecuador signed significant agreements with the IMF. The letters of intent included adjustments equivalent to high percentages of GDP, resulting in thwarted economic growth and a loss of fiscal and regulatory sovereignty.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <div class=\"py-8 bg-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto rounded-md overflow-hidden shadow-2xl\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full h-auto object-cover\"\n src=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial.png\"\n alt=\"Large banner of the Peoples and Nature Tribunal\"\n onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\/\/placehold.co\/1000x300\/306086\/ffffff?text=TRIBUNAL+PUEBLOS+Y+NATURALEZA'\"\n >\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n <section id=\"impactos-macro\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Macroeconomic Impacts<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>Economists detailed measurable consequences of adjustment programs:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Growth loss:<\/span> Billions of dollars of unrealized growth compared to alternative scenarios.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Structural Unemployment:<\/span> Hundreds of thousands of jobs lost as a result of the contraction in public investment.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Investment Cuts:<\/span> Investment in strategic projects fell to minimum levels, affecting infrastructure, health and education.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Increased Informality and Emigration:<\/span> Remittances grew in response to job losses, shifting the focus of development.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Beneficiaries and Capital Flight<\/h4>\n <p>The Court highlighted who truly benefits from these policies: large conglomerates, transnational extractive companies, banks, and local actors who are part of the circuits of economic power. Measures such as tax exemptions, the waiving of fines, and tax reforms favored the retention of income by these actors, while eroding the State's revenue-collecting capacity.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <section id=\"impactos-sociales\" class=\"py-12 bg-accent text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-accent\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-white\/80 inline-block pb-2\">Social Impacts<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px text-white\/90\">\n <p>The testimonies gathered by the Court describe a profound erosion of economic, social, and cultural rights. The idea of [the erosion of economic, social, and cultural rights] was emphasized several times. <span class=\"font-bold italic\">\u00ab"austerity"\u00bb<\/span>: an austerity that destroys public capacities to guarantee decent living conditions.<\/p>\n \n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">and Education:<\/span> Medicine shortages, deterioration of hospital infrastructure, staff layoffs, and cuts to public universities.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Citizen Security:<\/span> Correlation between disinvestment, institutional weakening, and increased violence.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Food and Sovereignty:<\/span> Abandonment of agricultural policies and decline in support for small farmers, increasing food dependency.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p class=\"pt-4\">The protests and mobilizations of October 2019, which resulted in repression and human rights violations, were directly and politically linked to the adjustment programs imposed by international agreements.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"casos\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Cases and Ecological Damage<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The Court's narrative places ecology at the center. Multilateral financing promoted extractive concessions and projects that increased ecological debt, degrading territories and affecting water sources, biodiversity, and the livelihoods of Indigenous and peasant communities. Constitutional protection of nature must be the cornerstone of any reparations.<\/p>\n \n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Case 1: The Yoyakachi Tunnel and the Hydro-environmental Consequences<\/h4>\n <p>The project, which sought to divert water from areas of the Amazon, suffered cost overruns and technical errors, leading to land displacement and affecting high-altitude wetlands (<span class=\"italic\">swamps<\/span>), key to water regulation. Community resistance was the only force that achieved a partial completion of the project, paying a high social and environmental cost.<\/p>\n \n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Case 2: Santa Priscilla, the IFC and the Destruction of Mangroves (According to Complaints)<\/h4>\n <p>The IFC (the World Bank's private sector arm) financed the expansion of the aquaculture industry (Santa Priscilla\/Prohemar) with approximately 144 billion. The complaints filed with the Court include:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li>Expansion of shrimp farms over <span class=\"font-semibold\">mangroves<\/span> (the ecosystem went from ~350,000 ha to less than 158,000 ha).<\/li>\n <li>Displacement of coastal communities and loss of traditional livelihoods.<\/li>\n <li>Use of <span class=\"font-semibold\">certifications<\/span> (<span class=\"italic\">ASC, BAP<\/span>) as mechanisms of "greenwashing" and legitimization without effective control over territorial destruction.<\/li>\n <li>Company registration in tax havens that hinders oversight.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Case 3: ProNACA and Financing for Mass Agroindustry (According to Testimonies)<\/h4>\n <p>ProNACA, the largest meat processor, received approximately $1.4 billion (IFC and IDB\/IDB Invest). According to testimonies, the consequences in Santo Domingo and among the S\u00e1chila people are severe: uncontrolled growth of poultry and pig farms (areas with more pigs than inhabitants), discharge of animal waste into rivers (nitrates and fecal coliforms), and animal rights violations. This also links animal industrialization to risks of bacterial resistance and <span class=\"font-semibold\">emerging zoonoses<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"my-6 p-4 bg-gray-100 rounded-md shadow\">\n <p class=\"text-center font-semibold text-accent mb-2\">Ecological Debt as a Mechanism for Resource Transfer<\/p>\n \n <p class=\"text-center text-sm text-gray-500 mt-2\">Diagram illustrating the components that define a debt as illegitimate, including purpose, legality, and social and environmental impact.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"auditoria\" class=\"py-12 bg-primary text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-primary\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Audit and Illegitimate Debt<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px text-white\/90\">\n <p>The most concrete proposal is the implementation of a <span class=\"font-semibold\">citizen audit<\/span> and the statement of <span class=\"font-semibold\">illegitimacy<\/span> of debt segments. Audit not only the amount, but also the purpose, the beneficiaries, and the legality of the instruments.<\/p>\n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Audit Objectives<\/h4>\n <p>The Court proposes that the audit determine:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li>If the funds were used in accordance with the Constitution (not for current expenses or purposes contrary to the public interest).<\/li>\n <li>Whether there was transparency in the clauses and whether democratic procedures were respected.<\/li>\n <li>If the required reforms violated rights and, therefore, generate obligations to provide reparations.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"pt-4 font-medium italic\">The people's tribunal format seeks to make victims visible, apply ethical criteria, and build a public record that serves as a basis for future legal claims.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"demandas\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Demands and Resistance<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The demands made can be grouped into three essential areas:<\/p>\n <ol class=\"list-decimal pl-6 space-y-2 font-medium\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Truth and Audit:<\/span> Rigorous research on the trajectory of indebtedness, contracts and conditionalities (2017\u20132024).<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Justice and Punishment:<\/span> To hold politically accountable those who promoted unconstitutional reforms and to explore international legal avenues.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Comprehensive Repair:<\/span> Measures of economic restitution, environmental remediation, territorial restitution and public recognition of the affected communities.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Public Policy and Sovereignty Proposals<\/h4>\n <p>The communities and experts proposed concrete alternatives to restore social and ecological sovereignty:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Moratorium and Restructuring<\/span> of debt whose origin or purpose is illegitimate.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Constitutional Protection<\/span> of the public provision of essential services (water, health, education).<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Moratorium on New Extractive Concessions<\/span> and transition policies towards degrowth models.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Strengthening Progressive Taxation<\/span> and combating tax avoidance by large companies.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"pt-4\">Community resistance involves blockades, complaints to mechanisms of the international banking sector itself (CAO, IDB Invest) and coordination to promote alternative laws (such as a new Water Law that protects the resource as a common good).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"faqs\" class=\"py-12 bg-accent text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-accent\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-white\/80 inline-block pb-2\">FAQs<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4\">\n \n \n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">What is the legal scope of this court?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">The tribunal is symbolic and ethical. Its rulings are not binding in the ordinary jurisdiction, but they seek to generate political pressure, a technical basis for subsequent audits and legal actions, and social legitimacy to demand redress.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">Why are banks being blamed for the destruction of mangroves?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">Because banking institutions (such as the IFC) directly financed the expansion of large aquaculture industries, such as Santa Priscilla, whose operations resulted in the documented destruction of mangroves and the displacement of coastal communities, despite having "sustainability" certifications.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">What does it mean to declare a debt as 'illegitimate'?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">This implies arguing that the debt was incurred for purposes contrary to the public interest, without democratic consent, or in violation of constitutional and human rights norms. Its objective is to relieve the population of the obligation to pay that portion of the debt and pave the way for reparations.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">How can the Tribunal's process be supported?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">Supporting involves disseminating the findings, participating in citizen audits, backing demands for transparency and alternative public policies, and accompanying communities in their processes of denunciation and mobilization.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <section id=\"conclusion\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Towards an Economic and Ecological Democracy<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The hearing of the Peoples and Nature Tribunal against the IMF and the World Bank is a starting point: systematic denunciation, evidence gathering, and coordination among affected parties. The challenge is to translate moral and technical force into policies that restore rights and rebuild territories.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-medium italic\">The Ecuadorian experience shows that imposing policies with serious social and environmental costs is not inevitable. Alternatives include fiscal sovereignty, environmental protection, and strengthening democratic mechanisms.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"donacion\" class=\"py-10 bg-accent rounded-lg shadow-xl mt-12 mb-8 max-w-3xl mx-auto\">\n <h4 class=\"text-2xl font-bold text-white mb-4\">Do you want to help us create more content like this?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px text-white\/90 max-w-lg mx-auto mb-6\">We work independently to share the best content on environmental and social analysis and activism.<\/p>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/paypal.me\/PachaMamita\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"inline-block px-8 py-3 bg-primary text-white font-bold rounded-full shadow-lg transition duration-300 transform hover:scale-105 hover:bg-primary\/90\">\n DONATE NOW\n <\/a>\n <\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_3370\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only\" data-element-id=\"3370\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" data-src=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=\"0\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 16px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 16\/16;\" \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The process, which gathers testimonies, evidence, and proposals, seeks to answer: who should be held accountable for the policies that have caused debt, dispossession, and ecological damage in Ecuador? It aims to hold multilateral institutions accountable and build collective reparations pathways.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3375,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador - PachaMamita Ecuador<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El proceso re\u00fane testimonios y evidencias contra el Banco Mundial y FMI, que han causado deuda, despojo y da\u00f1o ecol\u00f3gico en Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/en\/2025\/12\/04\/3370\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El proceso re\u00fane testimonios y evidencias contra el Banco Mundial y FMI, que han causado deuda, despojo y da\u00f1o ecol\u00f3gico en Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/en\/2025\/12\/04\/3370\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PachaMamita Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pachamamitaecu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-04T06:31:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-04T13:57:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Chaski de PachaMamita\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chaski de PachaMamita\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chaski de PachaMamita\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/es_es\/#\/schema\/person\/0c5196a0ce459556ff3d6f27bbba5d53\"},\"headline\":\"FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-04T06:31:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-04T13:57:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/es_es\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\",\"name\":\"FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador - 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{"id":3370,"date":"2025-12-04T01:31:08","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T06:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/?p=3370"},"modified":"2025-12-04T08:57:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T13:57:21","slug":"tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/en\/2025\/12\/04\/3370\/","title":{"rendered":"IMF and World Bank under public scrutiny in Ecuador"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n \n \n Peoples' Tribunal of Nature v. IMF and World Bank: Ecuador Hearing<\/title>\n \n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n <style>\n \/* Custom styles based on user requirements *\/\n :root {\n --color-primary: #1B1937; \/* Azul Oscuro *\/\n --color-accent: #306086; \/* Azul Medio *\/\n --color-white: #FFFFFF;\n }\n body {\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n background-color: var(--color-white);\n \/* Base paragraph size set to 15px *\/\n font-size: 15px; \n color: var(--color-primary);\n text-align: center; \n }\n .text-15px {\n font-size: 15px;\n }\n .bg-primary { background-color: var(--color-primary); }\n .text-primary { color: var(--color-primary); }\n .text-accent { color: var(--color-accent); }\n .border-accent { border-color: var(--color-accent); }\n .hover\\:bg-accent:hover { background-color: var(--color-accent); }\n\n \/* Scroll margin for smooth internal links and sticky header allowance *\/\n section, h3 {\n scroll-margin-top: 80px; \n }\n \/* Custom stickiness for the sidebar on medium screens and up *\/\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n #sticky-toc {\n position: sticky;\n top: 0;\n height: 100vh;\n overflow-y: auto;\n }\n }\n \/* Responsive images for the content *\/\n .content-image {\n width: 100%;\n height: auto;\n max-height: 400px;\n object-fit: cover;\n border-radius: 0.375rem; \n margin: 2rem 0;\n box-shadow: 0 5px 10px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n }\n \/* Garantizar que el texto en fondos oscuros siempre sea claro *\/\n .bg-primary .text-white, .bg-accent .text-white {\n color: var(--color-white) !important;\n }\n \/* Estilo para las tarjetas de contenido con sombra fuerte *\/\n .content-card {\n box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(27, 25, 55, 0.1); \/* Sombra basada en color primario *\/\n }\n <\/style>\n \n <script>\n tailwind.config = {\n theme: {\n extend: {\n colors: {\n 'primary': '#1B1937',\n 'accent': '#306086',\n }\n }\n }\n }\n <\/script>\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"selection:bg-accent selection:text-white\">\n\n \n <header class=\"bg-primary py-12 px-4 shadow-xl\">\n <div class=\"max-w-5xl mx-auto\">\n \n <h1 class=\"text-4xl sm:text-5xl font-extrabold mb-4 leading-tight !text-white\">\n Tribunal of Peoples and Nature against IMF and World Bank\n <\/h1>\n <h2 class=\"text-xl sm:text-2xl font-light text-white\/90 mb-6\">\n Ecuador Hearing: The Demand for Truth, Justice and Comprehensive Reparation\n <\/h2>\n <p class=\"text-15px text-white\/90 max-w-2xl mx-auto\">\n The process, which gathers testimonies, evidence, and proposals, seeks to answer: who should be held accountable for the policies that have caused debt, dispossession, and ecological damage in Ecuador? It aims to hold multilateral institutions accountable and build collective reparations pathways.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/header>\n\n \n <main class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto\">\n <div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row\">\n \n \n <aside id=\"sticky-toc\" class=\"md:w-1\/4 p-6 md:p-8 bg-gray-50\/50 md:bg-gray-100 text-left border-b md:border-b-0 md:border-r border-accent\/30\">\n <h3 class=\"text-xl font-bold mb-4 text-primary border-b pb-2 border-accent\/30 text-center uppercase tracking-wider\">Topics<\/h3>\n <nav class=\"space-y-3 text-15px font-medium\">\n <a href=\"#resumen\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Summary<\/a>\n <a href=\"#contexto\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Historical Context<\/a>\n <a href=\"#impactos-macro\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Macroeconomic Impacts<\/a>\n <a href=\"#impactos-sociales\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Social Impacts<\/a>\n <a href=\"#casos\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Cases and Ecological Damage<\/a>\n <a href=\"#auditoria\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Audit and Illegitimate Debt<\/a>\n <a href=\"#demandas\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 Demands and Resistance<\/a>\n <a href=\"#faqs\" class=\"block text-primary hover:text-accent transition duration-300 rounded-md p-1\">\u2192 FAQs<\/a>\n <\/nav>\n <\/aside>\n\n \n <div class=\"md:w-3\/4 text-primary\">\n \n \n <div class=\"px-4 sm:px-8 pt-12\">\n <div class=\"mb-12 rounded-md overflow-hidden shadow-xl\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full h-80 sm:h-96 object-cover\"\n src=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial-en-sesion.png\"\n alt=\"Tribunal of the Peoples and Nature against the IMF and the World Bank in session\"\n onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\/\/placehold.co\/1000x400\/1B1937\/ffffff?text=TRIBUNAL+POPULAR:+VERDAD+Y+JUSTICIA'\"\n >\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <section id=\"resumen\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Summary<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The hearing recorded testimonies from economists, jurists, indigenous leaders and activists who documented how the policies promoted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) \u2014and their regional allies\u2014 have intervened in Ecuador's economic and social policy from the mid-20th century to the present.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-bold text-lg text-accent mt-6\">The Court's preliminary findings maintain that the interventions have resulted in:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-2 font-medium\">\n <li>Constitutional and legal reforms with <span class=\"font-semibold\">regressive effect<\/span> on social and labor rights.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Fiscal austerity<\/span> which drastically reduced public investment, employment, and the state's capacity to respond in health and education.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Privatizations<\/span> (or transfer of management), opening to capital and measures that favored economic conglomerates and transnational actors.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Environmental impacts<\/span> severe consequences of extractive concessions, weakening of regulation, and financing of polluting industries.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Institutional impunity<\/span> and denial of real mechanisms for auditing and providing reparations to victims.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"italic pt-4 font-semibold text-accent\">The court proposes concrete actions such as audits, declarations of illegitimacy of debts, and lawsuits for reparations to social and ecological victims.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"contexto\" class=\"py-12 bg-primary text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-primary\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Historical Context<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px text-white\/90\">\n <p>Since their creation in 1944, the IMF and the World Bank have designed rules that condition the policies of countries in the Global South. The hearing argues that, beyond loans, there is a joint strategy of cross-conditionality and <span class=\"font-bold\">\u00ab"shadow conditionality"\u00bb<\/span> which modifies laws and institutional frameworks without broad democratic processes. The historical pattern repeats itself: external debt used to condition reforms that favor subordinate integration into the global market.<\/p>\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Conditionality and Institutional Architecture<\/h4>\n <p>A central idea presented is the existence of converging conditionalities among the IMF, the World Bank, and regional banks (IDB, CAF). These operate as a set of instruments that promote:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-decimal pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Fiscal consolidation:<\/span> Reduction of public spending and increase in indirect taxes.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Structural reforms:<\/span> Privatizations, central bank independence, and regulatory changes that reshape the state.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"mt-4\">Between 2019 and 2024, Ecuador signed significant agreements with the IMF. The letters of intent included adjustments equivalent to high percentages of GDP, resulting in thwarted economic growth and a loss of fiscal and regulatory sovereignty.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <div class=\"py-8 bg-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto rounded-md overflow-hidden shadow-2xl\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full h-auto object-cover\"\n src=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial.png\"\n alt=\"Large banner of the Peoples and Nature Tribunal\"\n onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\/\/placehold.co\/1000x300\/306086\/ffffff?text=TRIBUNAL+PUEBLOS+Y+NATURALEZA'\"\n >\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n <section id=\"impactos-macro\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Macroeconomic Impacts<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>Economists detailed measurable consequences of adjustment programs:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Growth loss:<\/span> Billions of dollars of unrealized growth compared to alternative scenarios.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Structural Unemployment:<\/span> Hundreds of thousands of jobs lost as a result of the contraction in public investment.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Investment Cuts:<\/span> Investment in strategic projects fell to minimum levels, affecting infrastructure, health and education.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Increased Informality and Emigration:<\/span> Remittances grew in response to job losses, shifting the focus of development.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Beneficiaries and Capital Flight<\/h4>\n <p>The Court highlighted who truly benefits from these policies: large conglomerates, transnational extractive companies, banks, and local actors who are part of the circuits of economic power. Measures such as tax exemptions, the waiving of fines, and tax reforms favored the retention of income by these actors, while eroding the State's revenue-collecting capacity.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <section id=\"impactos-sociales\" class=\"py-12 bg-accent text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-accent\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-white\/80 inline-block pb-2\">Social Impacts<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px text-white\/90\">\n <p>The testimonies gathered by the Court describe a profound erosion of economic, social, and cultural rights. The idea of [the erosion of economic, social, and cultural rights] was emphasized several times. <span class=\"font-bold italic\">\u00ab"austerity"\u00bb<\/span>: an austerity that destroys public capacities to guarantee decent living conditions.<\/p>\n \n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">and Education:<\/span> Medicine shortages, deterioration of hospital infrastructure, staff layoffs, and cuts to public universities.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Citizen Security:<\/span> Correlation between disinvestment, institutional weakening, and increased violence.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Food and Sovereignty:<\/span> Abandonment of agricultural policies and decline in support for small farmers, increasing food dependency.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p class=\"pt-4\">The protests and mobilizations of October 2019, which resulted in repression and human rights violations, were directly and politically linked to the adjustment programs imposed by international agreements.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"casos\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Cases and Ecological Damage<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The Court's narrative places ecology at the center. Multilateral financing promoted extractive concessions and projects that increased ecological debt, degrading territories and affecting water sources, biodiversity, and the livelihoods of Indigenous and peasant communities. Constitutional protection of nature must be the cornerstone of any reparations.<\/p>\n \n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Case 1: The Yoyakachi Tunnel and the Hydro-environmental Consequences<\/h4>\n <p>The project, which sought to divert water from areas of the Amazon, suffered cost overruns and technical errors, leading to land displacement and affecting high-altitude wetlands (<span class=\"italic\">swamps<\/span>), key to water regulation. Community resistance was the only force that achieved a partial completion of the project, paying a high social and environmental cost.<\/p>\n \n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Case 2: Santa Priscilla, the IFC and the Destruction of Mangroves (According to Complaints)<\/h4>\n <p>The IFC (the World Bank's private sector arm) financed the expansion of the aquaculture industry (Santa Priscilla\/Prohemar) with approximately 144 billion. The complaints filed with the Court include:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li>Expansion of shrimp farms over <span class=\"font-semibold\">mangroves<\/span> (the ecosystem went from ~350,000 ha to less than 158,000 ha).<\/li>\n <li>Displacement of coastal communities and loss of traditional livelihoods.<\/li>\n <li>Use of <span class=\"font-semibold\">certifications<\/span> (<span class=\"italic\">ASC, BAP<\/span>) as mechanisms of "greenwashing" and legitimization without effective control over territorial destruction.<\/li>\n <li>Company registration in tax havens that hinders oversight.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Case 3: ProNACA and Financing for Mass Agroindustry (According to Testimonies)<\/h4>\n <p>ProNACA, the largest meat processor, received approximately $1.4 billion (IFC and IDB\/IDB Invest). According to testimonies, the consequences in Santo Domingo and among the S\u00e1chila people are severe: uncontrolled growth of poultry and pig farms (areas with more pigs than inhabitants), discharge of animal waste into rivers (nitrates and fecal coliforms), and animal rights violations. This also links animal industrialization to risks of bacterial resistance and <span class=\"font-semibold\">emerging zoonoses<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"my-6 p-4 bg-gray-100 rounded-md shadow\">\n <p class=\"text-center font-semibold text-accent mb-2\">Ecological Debt as a Mechanism for Resource Transfer<\/p>\n \n <p class=\"text-center text-sm text-gray-500 mt-2\">Diagram illustrating the components that define a debt as illegitimate, including purpose, legality, and social and environmental impact.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"auditoria\" class=\"py-12 bg-primary text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-primary\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Audit and Illegitimate Debt<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px text-white\/90\">\n <p>The most concrete proposal is the implementation of a <span class=\"font-semibold\">citizen audit<\/span> and the statement of <span class=\"font-semibold\">illegitimacy<\/span> of debt segments. Audit not only the amount, but also the purpose, the beneficiaries, and the legality of the instruments.<\/p>\n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Audit Objectives<\/h4>\n <p>The Court proposes that the audit determine:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li>If the funds were used in accordance with the Constitution (not for current expenses or purposes contrary to the public interest).<\/li>\n <li>Whether there was transparency in the clauses and whether democratic procedures were respected.<\/li>\n <li>If the required reforms violated rights and, therefore, generate obligations to provide reparations.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"pt-4 font-medium italic\">The people's tribunal format seeks to make victims visible, apply ethical criteria, and build a public record that serves as a basis for future legal claims.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"demandas\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Demands and Resistance<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The demands made can be grouped into three essential areas:<\/p>\n <ol class=\"list-decimal pl-6 space-y-2 font-medium\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Truth and Audit:<\/span> Rigorous research on the trajectory of indebtedness, contracts and conditionalities (2017\u20132024).<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Justice and Punishment:<\/span> To hold politically accountable those who promoted unconstitutional reforms and to explore international legal avenues.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Comprehensive Repair:<\/span> Measures of economic restitution, environmental remediation, territorial restitution and public recognition of the affected communities.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n \n <h4 class=\"text-xl font-bold mt-6 mb-3 text-accent\">Public Policy and Sovereignty Proposals<\/h4>\n <p>The communities and experts proposed concrete alternatives to restore social and ecological sovereignty:<\/p>\n <ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 space-y-1\">\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Moratorium and Restructuring<\/span> of debt whose origin or purpose is illegitimate.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Constitutional Protection<\/span> of the public provision of essential services (water, health, education).<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Moratorium on New Extractive Concessions<\/span> and transition policies towards degrowth models.<\/li>\n <li><span class=\"font-semibold\">Strengthening Progressive Taxation<\/span> and combating tax avoidance by large companies.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"pt-4\">Community resistance involves blockades, complaints to mechanisms of the international banking sector itself (CAO, IDB Invest) and coordination to promote alternative laws (such as a new Water Law that protects the resource as a common good).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"faqs\" class=\"py-12 bg-accent text-white px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 content-card border border-white\/20 rounded-lg text-center bg-accent\/95\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 !text-white border-b-4 border-white\/80 inline-block pb-2\">FAQs<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4\">\n \n \n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">What is the legal scope of this court?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">The tribunal is symbolic and ethical. Its rulings are not binding in the ordinary jurisdiction, but they seek to generate political pressure, a technical basis for subsequent audits and legal actions, and social legitimacy to demand redress.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">Why are banks being blamed for the destruction of mangroves?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">Because banking institutions (such as the IFC) directly financed the expansion of large aquaculture industries, such as Santa Priscilla, whose operations resulted in the documented destruction of mangroves and the displacement of coastal communities, despite having "sustainability" certifications.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">What does it mean to declare a debt as 'illegitimate'?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">This implies arguing that the debt was incurred for purposes contrary to the public interest, without democratic consent, or in violation of constitutional and human rights norms. Its objective is to relieve the population of the obligation to pay that portion of the debt and pave the way for reparations.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"p-4 rounded-md bg-primary shadow-lg\">\n <h4 class=\"font-bold text-white text-lg\">How can the Tribunal's process be supported?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px mt-2 text-white\/90\">Supporting involves disseminating the findings, participating in citizen audits, backing demands for transparency and alternative public policies, and accompanying communities in their processes of denunciation and mobilization.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n \n \n <section id=\"conclusion\" class=\"py-12 px-4 sm:px-8\">\n <div class=\"max-w-3xl mx-auto p-6 sm:p-8 bg-white content-card border border-gray-100 rounded-lg text-center\">\n <h3 class=\"text-3xl font-extrabold mb-6 text-primary border-b-4 border-accent inline-block pb-2\">Towards an Economic and Ecological Democracy<\/h3>\n <div class=\"text-left space-y-4 text-15px\">\n <p>The hearing of the Peoples and Nature Tribunal against the IMF and the World Bank is a starting point: systematic denunciation, evidence gathering, and coordination among affected parties. The challenge is to translate moral and technical force into policies that restore rights and rebuild territories.<\/p>\n <p class=\"font-medium italic\">The Ecuadorian experience shows that imposing policies with serious social and environmental costs is not inevitable. Alternatives include fiscal sovereignty, environmental protection, and strengthening democratic mechanisms.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section id=\"donacion\" class=\"py-10 bg-accent rounded-lg shadow-xl mt-12 mb-8 max-w-3xl mx-auto\">\n <h4 class=\"text-2xl font-bold text-white mb-4\">Do you want to help us create more content like this?<\/h4>\n <p class=\"text-15px text-white\/90 max-w-lg mx-auto mb-6\">We work independently to share the best content on environmental and social analysis and activism.<\/p>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/paypal.me\/PachaMamita\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"inline-block px-8 py-3 bg-primary text-white font-bold rounded-full shadow-lg transition duration-300 transform hover:scale-105 hover:bg-primary\/90\">\n DONATE NOW\n <\/a>\n <\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_3370\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only\" data-element-id=\"3370\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" data-src=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=\"0\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 16px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 16\/16;\" \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The process, which gathers testimonies, evidence, and proposals, seeks to answer: who should be held accountable for the policies that have caused debt, dispossession, and ecological damage in Ecuador? It aims to hold multilateral institutions accountable and build collective reparations pathways.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3375,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador - PachaMamita Ecuador<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El proceso re\u00fane testimonios y evidencias contra el Banco Mundial y FMI, que han causado deuda, despojo y da\u00f1o ecol\u00f3gico en Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/en\/2025\/12\/04\/3370\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El proceso re\u00fane testimonios y evidencias contra el Banco Mundial y FMI, que han causado deuda, despojo y da\u00f1o ecol\u00f3gico en Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/en\/2025\/12\/04\/3370\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PachaMamita Ecuador\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pachamamitaecu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-04T06:31:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-04T13:57:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Chaski de PachaMamita\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chaski de PachaMamita\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chaski de PachaMamita\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/es_es\/#\/schema\/person\/0c5196a0ce459556ff3d6f27bbba5d53\"},\"headline\":\"FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-04T06:31:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-04T13:57:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/es_es\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Tribunal-Pueblos-y-Naturaleza-contra-el-FMI-y-el-Banco-Mundial.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pachamamitaecu.org\/2025\/12\/04\/tribunal-pueblos-naturaleza-ecuador-contra-fmi-banco-mundial-bm\/\",\"name\":\"FMI y Banco Mundial en el ojo p\u00fablico en Ecuador - 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